A stomach ulcer, medically known as a gastric ulcer, is a painful sore that forms in the protective lining of the stomach. It develops when stomach acid damages this lining, most commonly due to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Stomach ulcers can affect people of all ages, and their symptoms range from mild discomfort to life-threatening complications.

One of the challenges with stomach ulcers is that symptoms are not always obvious. Some people experience classic warning signs, while others may remain symptom-free until serious complications arise.

Common Signs and Symptoms of a Stomach Ulcer

1. Burning or Gnawing Pain in the Upper Abdomen

The most recognized symptom of a stomach ulcer is a burning, gnawing, or aching pain located in the upper middle part of the abdomen.

• Pain often occurs between meals or at night
• It may temporarily improve after eating, drinking milk, or taking antacids
• Pain can last minutes to hours and may come and go

This discomfort happens because stomach acid irritates the exposed ulcerated tissue.

2. Indigestion (Dyspepsia)

Indigestion is another frequent sign and may feel like:

• Persistent discomfort after meals
• Burning or aching in the upper stomach
• A sense of heaviness or pressure

Unlike occasional indigestion, ulcer-related dyspepsia tends to be ongoing and recurring.

3. Bloating and a Feeling of Fullness

People with stomach ulcers often feel bloated or uncomfortably full after eating small amounts of food. This can be accompanied by:

• Abdominal tightness
• Frequent burping
• A sensation that food is sitting in the stomach too long

4. Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea may occur due to stomach irritation. In some cases, vomiting may follow meals, especially when the ulcer interferes with normal digestion.

5. Heartburn or Acid Reflux

Some individuals experience heartburn, a burning sensation that rises from the stomach into the chest or throat. While more common with acid reflux, ulcers can increase acid irritation and cause similar symptoms.

6. Reduced Appetite

Pain associated with eating may cause a person to avoid meals. Over time, this can lead to poor nutrition and fatigue.

7. Unintended Weight Loss

Because of reduced appetite, nausea, or fear of pain after eating, some people experience gradual weight loss without trying.

Warning Signs of a Serious or Complicated Stomach Ulcer

These symptoms indicate possible complications and require immediate medical attention.

1. Black, Tarry Stools

Dark, sticky stools are a sign of bleeding in the stomach or upper digestive tract. The blood turns black as it passes through the intestines.

2. Vomiting Blood or Coffee-Ground-Like Material

Blood in vomit may appear red or dark and grainy, resembling coffee grounds. This indicates internal bleeding and is a medical emergency.

3. Severe, Sudden, or Persistent Abdominal Pain

Sudden, intense pain that does not improve may signal a perforated ulcer, where the ulcer creates a hole in the stomach wall.

4. Fatigue, Weakness, or Dizziness

Ongoing blood loss from an ulcer can lead to anemia, causing tiredness, lightheadedness, or weakness.

5. Pale Skin

Paleness may occur due to significant blood loss and reduced red blood cell levels.

Why Early Detection Is Important

If left untreated, stomach ulcers can worsen and lead to serious complications such as:

• Internal bleeding
• Perforation of the stomach wall
• Blockage of food passage

Early diagnosis allows for effective treatment and prevents long-term damage.

FAQs:

Q1. Can a stomach ulcer heal on its own?

A1. Some mild ulcers may improve temporarily, but most require medical treatment to fully heal and prevent recurrence.

Q2. What is the main cause of stomach ulcers?

A2. The two leading causes are H. pylori infection and regular use of NSAIDs. Smoking and alcohol can worsen the condition.

Q3. Are stomach ulcers painful all the time?

A3. No. Pain may come and go and often follows a pattern related to meals or stomach emptiness.

Q4. How do doctors confirm a stomach ulcer?

A4. Diagnosis may involve endoscopy, breath or stool tests for H. pylori, blood tests, or imaging studies.

Q5. Can children or teenagers get stomach ulcers?

A5. Yes. While less common, stomach ulcers can occur at any age, especially with H. pylori infection or medication use.

Q6. What foods help reduce ulcer symptoms?

A6. Foods that are mild and non-irritating, such as whole grains, bananas, oatmeal, and lean proteins, may be easier on the stomach.

Q7. What foods should be avoided?

A7. Spicy foods, acidic foods, caffeine, soda, and alcohol may worsen symptoms.

Q8. How long does treatment usually last?

A8. Most stomach ulcers heal within 4–8 weeks with proper medication and lifestyle changes.

Q9. Can stomach ulcers come back after treatment?

A9. Yes. Ulcers may recur if H. pylori is not fully eliminated or if NSAID use continues.

Q10. When should someone seek emergency care?

A10. Immediate care is needed for vomiting blood, black stools, severe abdominal pain, dizziness, or fainting.

Final Thoughts

Stomach ulcers are common but should never be ignored. Recognizing early symptoms and understanding warning signs can prevent serious complications. If symptoms persist or worsen, consulting a healthcare professional is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment.